The Role of Norepinephrine in White Matter Development and Disease / Network Correlates of Complex Neurocognitive Behavior in Pediatric Patients with Intracranial EEG | Neurology Grand Rounds (RECORDING)

Tuesday, November 19, 2024, 12:00 AM - Thursday, November 18, 2027, 11:59 PM, On Demand

In this recorded Neurology Grand Rounds presentation, Stanford Neurology residents Dr. Felicia Reinitz and Dr. Liz Ballinger discuss norepinephrine in white matter development and disease & network correlates of complex neurocognitive behavior in pediatric patients with intercranial EEG. Dr. Reinitz begins this 2-part research lecture session by reviewing norepinephrine’s function in the central nervous system and its currently understood role in OPC function. She then outlines her hypothesis that norepinephrine (NE) induces proliferation and differentiation in OPC’s, and, when under extreme stress, an abundance of NE leads to aberrant OPC proliferation, differentiation and subsequent impaired myelination.  She then moves from her in vitro data to in vivo data review. Dr. Reinitz reviews optogenetic stimulation research models an eloquent tool that allows researchers to study specific neuron firings that are controlled by light. Dr. Reinitz concludes by summarizing that OPCs are directly controlled by norepinephrine as is demonstrated in the in vitro models and the norandregenic system in postnatal mouse pups can be directly and specifically targeted using non-invasive extracranial optogenetic stimulation.

Next, Dr. Liz Ballinger discusses norepinephrine in white matter development and disease & network correlates of complex neurocognitive behavior in pediatric patients with intercranial EEG. She begins her research review with the historical focus of cognitive research, which centered on the function of individual areas of the brain, but then explaining that cognitive function is a network process that involves engagement of multiple areas and modalities. Dr. Ballinger then moves on to outline research lab use of sEEG to monitor cognitive tasks. This research showed significant relationships within neural anatomic nodes that can predict faster performance, clustered within white matter nodes but also showing slower performance in gray matter nodes. Dr. Ballinger then poses the question – how does this research translate to children, what is the developmental time course and what are the critical periods? She then reviews sEEG data from a patient, outlining the interconnectivity of the 260 electrode contacts. Dr. Ballinger then discusses future directions of research 


  Release Date: November 19, 2024
  Expiration Date: November 18, 2027
  Estimated Time to Complete: 0.5 hours
  Registration Fee: FREE
 *Originally recorded 05/31/2024

AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ (0.50 hours), Non-Physician Participation Credit (0.50 hours)

1. Review norepinephrine’s function in the central nervous system and its currently understood role in OPC function.
2. Discuss current ongoing research data
3. Review with the historical focus of cognitive research
4. Discuss the relationships within neural anatomic nodes

In support of improving patient care, Stanford Medicine is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. 

Credit Designation 
American Medical Association (AMA) 
Stanford Medicine designates this Enduring Material for a maximum of 0.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits^TM.  Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. 

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Mitigation of Relevant Financial Relationships

Stanford Medicine adheres to the Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education.

There are no relevant financial relationships with ACCME-defined ineligible companies for anyone who was in control of the content of this activity. 

Faculty Member Information	Role in activity	Name of commercial interest/Nature of relationship
Kate Therkelsen, MD	Course Director	Nothing to Disclose
Tara Torabi, MD	Planner	Nothing to Disclose
Rachel Walsh, MD	Planner	Nothing to Disclose
Gregory Wong, MD	Planner and Reviewer	Nothing to Disclose
Jose Eduardo Espindola Lima, MD	Planner and Reviewer	Nothing to Disclose
Felicia Reinitz, MD, PhD	Faculty	Nothing to Disclose
Liz Ballinger, MD, PhD	Faculty	Nothing to Disclose