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Multiple Sclerosis Explainer Video


Multiple Sclerosis Explainer Video Banner

  • Overview
  • Faculty
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Date & Location
Wednesday, June 4, 2025, 12:00 AM - Saturday, June 3, 2028, 11:59 PM, On Demand

Overview

Internet Enduring Material sponsored by Stanford University School of Medicine. Presented by the Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Neurology and Center for Continuing Medical Education.

This explainer video is a short animation that illustrates the immune processes of Multiple Sclerosis in relation to the gut microbiome and how that plays a role in disease progression.


Registration

  Original Release Date: June 29, 2022

  Review Date: May 29, 2025

  Expiration Date: June 03, 2028

  Estimated Time To Complete: 10 minutes

  Registration Fee: FREE

Click Begin tab to launch the course. View the entire Multiple Sclerosis Series here.


Credits
AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ (0.25 hours), Non-Physician Participation Credit (0.25 hours)

Target Audience
Specialties - Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, Neurology
Professions - Advance Practice Nurse (APN), Fellow/Resident, Non-Physician, Nurse, Physician, Registered Nurse (RN), Student

Objectives
At the conclusion of this activity, learners should be able to:

  1. Providers will be able to explain the fundamentals aspects of Multiple Sclerosis.
  2. Providers will be able to summarize research findings concerning Multiple Sclerosis and the gut microbiome.

Accreditation

In support of improving patient care, Stanford Medicine is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. 

Credit Designation 
American Medical Association (AMA) 
Stanford Medicine designates this Enduring Material for a maximum of 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM.  Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.


Additional Information

Accessibility Statement
 Stanford University School of Medicine is committed to ensuring that its programs, services, goods and facilities are accessible to individuals with disabilities as specified under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act of 2008.  If you have needs that require special accommodations, please contact the CME Coordinator.

Cultural and Linguistic Competency
The planners and speakers of this CME activity have been encouraged to address cultural issues relevant to their topic area for the purpose of complying with California Assembly Bill 1195. Moreover, the Stanford University School of Medicine Multicultural Health Portal contains many useful cultural and linguistic competency tools including culture guides, language access information and pertinent state and federal laws.  You are encouraged to visit the Multicultural Health Portal: https://laneguides.stanford.edu/multicultural-health

References/Bibliography
“An Overview of the Innate Immune System - UpToDate.” Accessed January 25, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/an-overview-of-the-innate-immune-system?search=immunity&sectionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H4039235&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H4039235. 

“Anaerobic Bacteria: History and Role in Normal Human Flora - UpToDate.” Accessed January 25, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/anaerobic-bacteria-history-and-role-in-normal-human-flora?search=gut%20microbiomes&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H12238507. 

Berer, Kerstin, Lisa Ann Gerdes, Egle Cekanaviciute, Xiaoming Jia, Liang Xiao, Zhongkui Xia, Chuan Liu, et al. “Gut Microbiota from Multiple Sclerosis Patients Enables Spontaneous Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114, no. 40 (October 3, 2017): 10719–24. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711233114. 

Bhargava, Pavan, and Ellen M. Mowry. “Gut Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis.” Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 14, no. 10 (September 10, 2014): 492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-014-0492-2. 

Chen, Jun, Nicholas Chia, Krishna R. Kalari, Janet Z. Yao, Martina Novotna, M. Mateo Paz Soldan, David H. Luckey, et al. “Multiple Sclerosis Patients Have a Distinct Gut Microbiota Compared to Healthy Controls.” Scientific Reports 6 (June 27, 2016): 28484. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28484. 

“Clinical Presentation, Course, and Prognosis of Multiple Sclerosis in Adults - UpToDate.” Accessed January 25, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/clinical-presentation-course-and-prognosis-of-multiple-sclerosis-in-adults?search=multiple%20sclersosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2. 

Dendrou, Calliope A., Lars Fugger, and Manuel A. Friese. “Immunopathology of Multiple Sclerosis.” Nature Reviews. Immunology 15, no. 9 (September 15, 2015): 545–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3871. 

Esmaeil Amini, Mohammad, Navid Shomali, Arash Bakhshi, Somaye Rezaei, Maryam Hemmatzadeh, Ramin Hosseinzadeh, Solat Eslami, et al. “Gut Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights and Perspective.” International Immunopharmacology 88 (November 1, 2020): 107024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107024. 

Falk, P. G., L. V. Hooper, T. Midtvedt, and J. I. Gordon. “Creating and Maintaining the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem: What We Know and Need to Know from Gnotobiology.” Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews: MMBR 62, no. 4 (December 1998): 1157–70. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1157-1170.1998. 

“Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Primary Immunodeficiency - UpToDate.” Accessed January 25, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/gastrointestinal-manifestations-in-primary-immunodeficiency?search=gut%20associated%20lymphoid%20tissue&sectionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H17382062&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=2~24&display_rank=2#H17382062. 

“Immune Functions of Cytokines and Other Immunomodulatory Factors - UpToDate.” Accessed January 25, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/image?imageKey=ALLRG%2F69910&topicKey=ALLRG%2F3980&search=regulatory%20T%20cells&source=see_link. 

“Immunologic Synapse - UpToDate.” Accessed January 25, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/image?imageKey=ENDO%2F69555&topicKey=ALLRG%2F3980&search=regulatory%20T%20cells&source=see_link. 

Jangi, Sushrut, Roopali Gandhi, Laura M. Cox, Ning Li, Felipe von Glehn, Raymond Yan, Bonny Patel, et al. “Alterations of the Human Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis.” Nature Communications 7 (June 28, 2016): 12015. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12015. 

Lavasani, Shahram, Balik Dzhambazov, Mehrnaz Nouri, Frida Fåk, Sophia Buske, Göran Molin, Henrik Thorlacius, Jan Alenfall, Bengt Jeppsson, and Björn Weström. “A Novel Probiotic Mixture Exerts a Therapeutic Effect on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mediated by IL-10 Producing Regulatory T Cells.” PloS One 5, no. 2 (February 2, 2010): e9009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009009. 

Lee, Yun Kyung, Juscilene S. Menezes, Yoshinori Umesaki, and Sarkis K. Mazmanian. “Proinflammatory T-Cell Responses to Gut Microbiota Promote Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 Suppl 1 (March 15, 2011): 4615–22. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000082107. 

“Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Structure and Function - UpToDate.” Accessed January 25, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/major-histocompatibility-complex-mhc-structure-and-function?search=mhc&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1. 

McCabe, Robert P. “Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Non-AIDS Immunodeficiency.” Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 5, no. 1 (February 2002): 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-002-0003-4. 

Miyake, Sachiko, Sangwan Kim, Wataru Suda, Kenshiro Oshima, Masakazu Nakamura, Takako Matsuoka, Norio Chihara, et al. “Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters.” PloS One 10, no. 9 (2015): e0137429. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137429. 

Nishida, Kensei, Daisuke Sawada, Yuki Kuwano, Hiroki Tanaka, and Kazuhito Rokutan. “Health Benefits of Lactobacillus Gasseri CP2305 Tablets in Young Adults Exposed to Chronic Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.” Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2019): 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081859. 

Ochoa-Repáraz, J., D. W. Mielcarz, Y. Wang, S. Begum-Haque, S. Dasgupta, D. L. Kasper, and L. H. Kasper. “A Polysaccharide from the Human Commensal Bacteroides Fragilis Protects against CNS Demyelinating Disease.” Mucosal Immunology 3, no. 5 (September 2010): 487–95. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2010.29. 

Ochoa-Repáraz, Javier, Trevor O. Kirby, and Lloyd H. Kasper. “The Gut Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis.” Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): a029017. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a029017. 

O’Hara, Ann M., and Fergus Shanahan. “The Gut Flora as a Forgotten Organ.” EMBO Reports 7, no. 7 (July 2006): 688–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400731. 

“Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis - UpToDate.” Accessed January 11, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/pathogenesis-and-epidemiology-of-multiple-sclerosis?search=multiple%20sclerosis%20and%20microbiome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1. 

Rumah, Kareem Rashid, Jennifer Linden, Vincent A. Fischetti, and Timothy Vartanian. “Isolation of Clostridium Perfringens Type B in an Individual at First Clinical Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis Provides Clues for Environmental Triggers of the Disease.” PloS One 8, no. 10 (2013): e76359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076359. 

Säemann, M. D., G. A. Böhmig, C. H. Osterreicher, H. Burtscher, O. Parolini, C. Diakos, J. Stöckl, W. H. Hörl, and G. J. Zlabinger. “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sodium Butyrate on Human Monocytes: Potent Inhibition of IL-12 and up-Regulation of IL-10 Production.” FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 14, no. 15 (December 2000): 2380–82. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.00-0359fje. 

Shahi, Shailesh K., Samantha N. Freedman, and Ashutosh K. Mangalam. “Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis: The Players Involved and the Roles They Play.” Gut Microbes 8, no. 6 (August 3, 2017): 607–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2017.1349041. 

“The Adaptive Cellular Immune Response: T Cells and Cytokines - UpToDate.” Accessed January 25, 2022. https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/the-adaptive-cellular-immune-response-t-cells-and-cytokines?search=regulatory%20T%20cells&topicRef=13933&source=related_link#H47575556. 

Tremlett, Helen, Douglas W. Fadrosh, Ali A. Faruqi, Janace Hart, Shelly Roalstad, Jennifer Graves, Collin M. Spencer, et al. “Associations between the Gut Microbiota and Host Immune Markers in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Controls.” BMC Neurology 16, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-016-0703-3. 

Wang, Ji, Wei-Dong Chen, and Yan-Dong Wang. “The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Diseases: The Role of Macrophages.” Frontiers in Microbiology 11 (2020): 1065. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01065. 

Wang, Yan, Kiel M. Telesford, Javier Ochoa-Repáraz, Sakhina Haque-Begum, Marc Christy, Eli J. Kasper, Li Wang, et al. “An Intestinal Commensal Symbiosis Factor Controls Neuroinflammation via TLR2-Mediated CD39 Signalling.” Nature Communications 5 (July 21, 2014): 4432. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5432. 

Zhang, Pei, Xiaoli Wu, Shan Liang, Xianfeng Shao, Qianqian Wang, Ruibing Chen, Weimin Zhu, Chen Shao, Feng Jin, and Chenxi Jia. “A Dynamic Mouse Peptidome Landscape Reveals Probiotic Modulation of the Gut-Brain Axis.” Science Signaling, July 28, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.abb0443.

Travis, A, Fitzpatrick, JJ (n.d.). Examining the Relationship Between Hospital Nurses' Structural Empowerment, Missed Nursing Care and Quality of Care: A Cross-Sectional Study.. Journal of clinical nursing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40407198

Zuelsdorff, M, Abner, EL, Balls-Berry, JE, et al. (n.d.). Introducing social determinants of health to the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center network: Development and implementation in the Uniform Data Set.. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40407095

For activity related questions, please contact
     Name: Holly Meyer
     Title: CME Coordinator
     Email: [email protected]

For CME general questions, please contact 
 
   Email: [email protected]



Mitigation of Relevant Financial Relationships


Stanford Medicine adheres to the Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education.

There are no relevant financial relationships with ACCME-defined ineligible companies for anyone who was in control of the content of this activity, except those listed in the table below. All of the relevant financial relationships listed for these individuals have been mitigated.



Member Information
Role in activity
Nature of Relationship(s) / Name of Ineligible Company(s)
Lucas B. Kipp, MD
Stanford Hospital & Clinics
Course Director
Grant or research support-Genentech, Inc.
Faculty Photos
Ruth Adewuya, MD
Managing Director
Stanford University School of Medicine
Planner
Nothing to disclose
Faculty Photos
Amanda Jane Morris, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Planner
Jamie McDonald, MD
Stanford Health Care
Reviewer

This educational activity is supported in part by an educational grant from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.

MS Explainer Video
INSTRUCTIONS: Click the Launch Video button to watch the video on YouTube. Next, click the Claim CME button. Attest to your participation, view results, and complete the evaluation. After successful completion, your credit transcript will be available to view and download immediately in My CE portal. 

Can’t find the evaluation? Click the My CE button and select the Evaluations and Certificates tile. Select the Complete Evaluation button associated with the activity.
Launch Video Claim CME

 

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