Pediatric Grand Rounds (RECORDING) The Successes and Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines for Children

This presentation is a recording of a Stanford Pediatric Grand Rounds Session.  World-renowned experts will present the latest research, practice guidelines, and treatment protocols to advance best practices in the care of pediatric patients. These online recordings will provide pediatricians and family physicians with up-to-date clinical information on a wide range of clinical issues encountered in daily pediatric practice. 

This session will outline the burden of pediatric SARS CoV2 disease, review the efficacy and safety of the vaccines available in the United States, discuss the immune responses to vaccines and the reduced neutralization of variants. Additionally, we will outline the COVID vaccine safety surveillance, system and discuss current pediatric COVID pediatric vaccines and their impact.

1. Evaluate emerging research, updated guidelines, and treatment protocols in order to develop strategies for best practice in the care of pediatric patients.
2. Describe the impact of SARS CoV2 in children
3. Discuss the efficacy of COVID vaccines.
4. Outline the vaccine safety surveillance system.

In support of improving patient care, Stanford Medicine is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. 

Credit Designation 
American Medical Association (AMA) 
Stanford Medicine designates this Enduring Material for a maximum of 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits^TM.  Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

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Cultural and Linguistic Competency
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References/Bibliography
Data from 49 states, NYC, DC, PR, and GU; Analysis by American Academy of Pediatrics and Children’s Hospital Association.
https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographicsovertime.

Data from 48 states, NYC, DC, PR, and GU (TX excluded from figure); Analysis by American Academy of Pediatrics and Children’s Hospital Association.

US Census Bureau, State Population by Characteristics: 2010-2019. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010-state-detail.html
https://data.cdc.gov/NCHS/Provisional-COVID-19-Deaths-Counts-by Age-inYears/3apk-4u4f/data.

Fernandes DM et al. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Clinical Syndromes and Predictors of Disease Severity in Hospitalized Children and Youth. J Pediatr. 2021 Mar;230:23-31.e10.

Belhadjer et al. Acute Heart Failure in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in the Context of Global SARS-CoV-2. Pandemic.  2020. Circulation. 2020;142:429–436.

Bowen A et al. Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With Death Among Persons <21 Years Old With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children—United States, February 2020–March 2021. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2021, ofab388.
https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#mis-national-surveillance.

NHSN: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7034e3.htm

COVID-NET: CDC unpublished

IVY: CDC unpublished

NYS: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7034e1.htm

VISION: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2110362; https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7034e2.htm

SUPERNOVA: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7034e3.htm

HEROES-RECOVER: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7034e4.htm

Falsey AR et al. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization with BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose 3. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1627-1629. 2021.

Atmar RL et al. ACIP. 2021.

Gee J et al. First Month of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Monitoring — United States, December 14, 2020–January 13, 2021. Weekly / February 26, 2021 / 70(8);283–288.

http://vaers.hhs.gov 

http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Activities/CISA.html

Klein, N. VSD presented at ACIP. 2021.

Krantz MS et al. Safety Evaluation of the Second Dose of Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients With Immediate Reactions to the First Dose. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(11):1530-1533. 2021.

https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/ - vaccinations

https://www.meddra.org/

Witberg G et al. Myocarditis after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Large Health Care Organization. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:2132-2139.

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/pdfs/mm7-27e2-H.pdf

Frenck RW et al. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Adolescents. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:239-250.

FDA review memorandum: https://www.fda.gov/media/148542/download  

ACIP slides: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/slides-2021-05-12.html 

Wallace M et al. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years — United States, May 2021. Weekly / May 21, 2021 / 70(20);749–752.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report October 19, 2021 issue.

CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html 

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-children-5-through-11-years-age

https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccination-demographic 

https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_dailycases 

https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_3.htm 


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Mitigation of Relevant Financial Relationships

Stanford Medicine adheres to the Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. 

There are no relevant financial relationships with ACCME-defined ineligible companies for anyone who was in control of the content of this activity, except those listed in the table below. All of the relevant financial relationships listed for these individuals have been mitigated.